Desarrollo de Sistemas Informáticos

3º. 2º cuatrimestre. Itinerario de Tecnologías de la Información. Grado en Ingeniería Informática. Curso 2019/2020

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Organization ULL-ESIT-DSI-1920   Github Classroom DSI   Campus Virtual DSI   Profesores Casiano , Vicente , Manz

Table of Contents

• Node.js EventEmitters - {:.} The Observer Pattern - {:.} La Clase EventEmitter - {:.} on - {:.} once - {:.} Argumentos - {:.} off - {:.} listenerCount and rawListeners - {:.} Ejercicio

Node.js EventEmitters

EventEmitter is a very important class in Node.js. It provides a channel for events to be dispatched and listeners to be notified. Many objects you’ll encounter in Node.js inherit from EventEmitter, like the Streams class.

The Observer Pattern

The observer pattern is a software design pattern in which an object, called the subject, maintains a list of its dependents, called observers, and notifies them automatically of any state changes, usually by calling one of their methods.

See also

• Learning JavaScript Design Patterns. A book by Addy Osmani

La Clase EventEmitter

• Algunos métodos de los objetos de la clase EventEmitter:

on

[~/.../p4-t2-networking/networking-with-sockets-chapter-3-crguezl(master)]$ node
Welcome to Node.js v12.10.0.
Type ".help" for more information.
> const {EventEmitter} = require("events")
undefined
> function c1() {   console.log('an event occurred!');}
undefined
> function c2() {   console.log('yet another event occurred!');}
undefined
> const myEmitter = new EventEmitter();
undefined
> myEmitter.on('eventOne', c1);
EventEmitter {
  _events: [Object: null prototype] { eventOne: [Function: c1] },
  _eventsCount: 1,
  _maxListeners: undefined
}
> myEmitter.on('eventOne', c2)
EventEmitter {
  _events: [Object: null prototype] {
    eventOne: [ [Function: c1], [Function: c2] ]
  },
  _eventsCount: 1,
  _maxListeners: undefined
}
> myEmitter.emit('eventOne');
an event occurred!
yet another event occurred!
true

once

> myEmitter.once('eventOnce', () => console.log('eventOnce once fired')); 
EventEmitter {
  _events: [Object: null prototype] {
    eventOne: [ [Function: c1], [Function: c2] ],
    eventOnce: [Function: bound onceWrapper] { listener: [Function] }
  },
  _eventsCount: 2,
  _maxListeners: undefined
}
> myEmitter.emit('eventOnce');
eventOnce once fired
true
> myEmitter.emit('eventOnce');
false
> myEmitter.emit('eventOnce');
false

Argumentos

> myEmitter.on('status', (code, msg)=> console.log(`Got ${code} and ${msg}`));
EventEmitter {
  _events: [Object: null prototype] {
    eventOne: [ [Function: c1], [Function: c2] ],
    status: [Function]
  },
  _eventsCount: 2,
  _maxListeners: undefined
}
> myEmitter.emit('status', 200, 'ok');
Got 200 and ok

off

> myEmitter.off('eventOne', c1);
EventEmitter {
  _events: [Object: null prototype] {
    eventOne: [Function: c2],
    status: [Function]
  },
  _eventsCount: 2,
  _maxListeners: undefined
}
> myEmitter.emit('eventOne');  
yet another event occurred!
true

listenerCount and rawListeners

> myEmitter.listenerCount('eventOne')
1
> myEmitter.rawListeners('eventOne')
[ [Function: c2] ]

Ejercicio

Vamos ahora a escribir una clase WithTime cuyos objetos disponen de un método execute que permite ejecutar una función asíncrona asyncfun que acepta como último argumento una callback cb.

Como es habitual, se supone que la callback es llamada cb(err, data) por asyncfun cuando esta termina su tarea asíncrona.

El primer parámetro err indica el error si lo hubo y el segundo data con el resultado de la operación asíncrona: cb(err, data).

Se pide que:

1. La función execute emita eventos begin y end señalando el comienzo y final de la ejecución de asyncfun
2. Deberá así mismo emitir un evento result con el resultado de la operación asíncrona.
3. Deberá emitir un evento time indicando el tiempo que ha tomado la ejecución en nanosegundos (use process.hrtime.bigint para ello)

Por ejemplo, un código como:

const inspect = require("util").inspect;
const ins = (x) => inspect(x, {depth: Infinity, colors: true});
const fetch = require("node-fetch");
const WithTime = require("./with-time.js");

const withTime = new WithTime();

withTime.on('begin', (label) => console.log('About to execute '+label));

withTime.on('end', (label) => console.log('Done with execution of '+label));

withTime.on('result', (label, data) => console.log('Function '+label+' produced:\n'+ins(data)));

withTime.on('time', (label, t) => console.log('Function '+label+' took '+t+' nanoseconds'));

const readFile = (url, cb) => {
  fetch(url)
    .then((resp) => resp.json())
    .then(function(data) {
      cb(null, data);
    })
    .catch(e => console.log(`Buf!\n${e}`));
}

withTime.execute(readFile, 'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/3');

Debería producir una salida como está:

About to execute readFile
Function readFile produced:
{
  userId: 1,
  id: 3,
  title: 'ea molestias quasi exercitationem repellat qui ipsa sit aut',
  body: 'et iusto sed quo iure\n' +
    'voluptatem occaecati omnis eligendi aut ad\n' +
    'voluptatem doloribus vel accusantium quis pariatur\n' +
    'molestiae porro eius odio et labore et velit aut'
}
Function readFile took 331675217 nanoseconds
Done with execution of readFile

Esta es una Solución

[~/.../networking-with-sockets-chapter-3-crguezl/event-emitter-tutorial(master)]$ cat with-time.js 

const { EventEmitter } = require("events");

class WithTime extends EventEmitter {

  // This function executes asyncFunc(...args)
  execute(asyncFunc, ...args) {
    let label = asyncFunc.name;

    this.emit('begin', label);
    let old = process.hrtime.bigint();
    asyncFunc(...args, (err, data) => {
      if (err) { 
        this.emit('error', err); 
      } else {
        this.emit('result', label, data);
        this.emit('time', label, process.hrtime.bigint() - old);
        this.emit('end', label);
      }
    });
  }

}

module.exports = WithTime;

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